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Palace of Portici : ウィキペディア英語版
Palace of Portici

The Royal Palace of Portici (''Reggia di Portici'' or ''Palazzo Reale di Portici'') is a former royal palace in Portici, southern Italy. Today it is the home of the ''Orto Botanico di Portici''. The Botanic Gardens are operated by the University of Naples Federico II. They were once part of a big estate that included an English garden, a zoo and formal parterres.
==History==

Infante Charles of Spain was crowned the King of Naples and Sicily on 3 July 1735 at the age of 18. He had taken control of the two kingdoms by military force opposing the powerful Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles and his consort Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony were favourably impressed with the area of Portici when they visited the villa of Emmanuel Maurice d'Elbeuf, the Duke of Elbeuf there in 1738. The couple ordered the construction of a palace in Portici that would act, not only as a private residence, but as a place to receive foreign officials travelling to the kingdom.
Work began at the end of 1738 with Antonio Canevari given charge of the project. He worked together with other popular architects of the period. Canevari also helped the King and Queen with the construction of the Neapolitan Palace of Capodimonte.
The painter Giuseppe Bonito frescoed the interior of the palace, while the gardens were decorated with marble sculptures by Joseph Canart.
A series of older villas and noble residences were discovered in preparing the foundations of the palace, and excavation of the area revealed numerous works of art, among them temple with 24 marble columns. This discovery was put in the Museum of Portici, built for the occasion, and annexed to the Accademia Ercolanese. The museum was founded by Charles in 1755 also to house the findings from the excavations of Herculaneum.
Palace of Pprtici
Since the new royal palace was not large enough to house the whole court, it stimulated construction of other grand residences in the neighborhood, 122 of which are now known as the Vesuvian Villas. This also led to the construction of the larger Palace of Capodimonte. Charles and his wife kept the Portici Palace as their summer residence and seven of their twelve children were born there.
Upon King Charles' accession to the Spanish throne in 1759, he left his Neapolitan and Sicilian domains to his third son, Prince Ferdinand who would rule till his death in 1825. During the reign of Ferdinand, the Palace was overshadowed by the far grander Caserta Palace which became the official home of the court from 1759. Portici was the private home of Prince Felipe of Naples and Sicily, the eldest son of Charles III of Spain. Prince Felipe was mentally disabled and lived in the palace till his death there on 19 September 1777.
In the spring of 1769, the palace hosted Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor. In 1770, a fourteen-year-old Mozart stayed there. In 1799, King Ferdinand added an opera house to the palace. During the Napoleonic occupation, General Joachim Murat refurnished the palace with French furniture.
In 1804, the Queen Consort, Maria Isabella of Spain, gave birth here to her first child, Princess Luisa Carlotta. Luisa Carlota would marry her uncle, the Spanish Infante Francisco de Paula. On September 13, 1848 Queen Maria Isabella died at the palace aged 59. Today the palace accommodates the seat of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Naples Federico II.
In 1834,''Corografia dell'Italia'' describes the Palazzo Portici, as being built by King Charles:

to increase the glory of the royal autumnal vacations, of which it formed the center. Towards 1750 it was used to store the collection of precious things that had been discovered in Herculaneum and in Pompeii. The building is on three floors, and is rectangular, 400 feet from east to west, and 360 feet wide. The principal prospect is of the sea; the large courtyard is octagonal, but has the singularity, or rather the disadvantage, of carrying the main thoroughfare that leads from Naples to Salerno, to Sannio, to Apulia and Calabria. Inside that big courtyard are the royal apartments, the sumptuous galleries that contained the fine museum, unique in the world, for the quantity of statues, bronzes, bas reliefs, pots, candelabras, and tools of every type found in the excavations of the above-mentioned two towns, and that today are part of the Bourbon Museum. What is seen however, and what is not found in other royal palaces, is that has floors composed of ancient Greek or Roman mosaics. The galleries however are not entirely devoted to precious objects; one also finds a fine collection of paintings of the Italian, French and Flemish schools. The gardens are at the east on the slopes of Vesuvius: they are immense, little adorned, but with many trees that are always green, especially service and arbutus trees, which feed the thrushes that abound there.''〔"Palazzo di Portici: fu edificato nell'anno 1738 dal re Carlo di Borbone, che con ciò volle accrescere il lustro delle reali autunnali villeggiature, delle quali forma il centro. Verso il 1750 fu disposto per deporvi le preziose cose che di mano in mano andavansi scoprendo in Ercolano ed in Pompeia. E' un edifizio a tre piani di forma rettangolare, lungo 400 piedi da levante a ponente e largo 360. Il principale prospetto guarda il mare; il grande cortile è di figura ottagona, ma ha la singolarità, o piuttosto il difetto, di passarvi in mezzo la via che da Napoli conduce a Salerno, nel Sannio, nella Puglia e nelle Calabrie. All'intorno di quel gran cortile vi sono i reali appartamenti, nonchè le sontuose gallerie che contenevano il pregiatissimo museo, unico al mondo, per la quantità di statue, di bronzi, bassirilievi, vasi, candelabri, ed utensili d'ogni genere trovati negli scavi delle anzidette due città, e che in oggi fanno parte del Museo Borbonico. Vi si vede però ciò che non scorgesi in verun altro palazzo reale, cioè d'avere i pavimenti composti d'antichi musaici greci o romani. Quelle gallerie non sono però tutte vuote di preziosità; vi si trova una pregiata collezione di quadri delle scuole italiana, francese e fiamminga. I giardini stanno all'oriente sul pendìo del Vesuvio: sono vasti, poco adorni, ma con molti alberi sempre verdi, specialmente di sorbe o corbezzole pel nutrimento dei tordi che vi abbondano." (Corografia dell'Italia 1834 )〕



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